Internet
Cookies
Cookie is small amount of data, usually storing personal information like username or passwords. Cookies can be session or persistent, session cookies are stored temporarily and deleted as soon as you close web page. Persistent cookies are permanent and stored by web browser in hardware, this allows to log in on websites automatically
Is Internet and WWW(World Wide Web ) same?
No,internet is set up of all devices that are connected to computer to connect to other computer, or one huge network. Whereas World Wide Web is collective term for all the websited and web pages
How are web pages stored
Each website and web page has its own URL, to access website user types URL into adress bar in browser.Browser is application that is used to display HTML files and web pages.Web browser sends URL to DNS(Domain name server), which searches for domain name to find equivalent IP address
HTTP and HTTPS
The web browser sends request to the web server to ask for the web page from website using HTTP(hypertext transfer protocol )
HTTPS is an additional protocol for security that encrypts data that is transferred. It involves use of digital certificates. This certificate is being applied by owners of website to certificate authority. This organisation checks whether website is authentic and trustworthy.
Digital Currency
As you can tell from the name digital currency only exists electronically, other than that it is same to physical mone. Blockchain is system used to keep track of the payments . Each time payment is made with digital currency a record is added to the digital ledger that includes digital signature with time and date of transaction which cannot be altered
Cyber security
Brute-force attack
Multiple guesses are made at your password to try and break in your personal account for gaining personal information. To prevent this you need to use strong passwords a limited number of attempts to enter password biometric password and two step verification
Data interception
Data packets are intercepted and examined through software like packet sniffer, aim of this is to steal your perosnal data for criminal acivity such as theft and fraud. To prevent this you need to encrypt your data.
Distributed denial of service (DDoS) Attack
Malware is sent to lots of computers to turn them into bots to send so many requestts to web servera at the same time for it to crash, and demanding money to stop it. Solution to this is to use proxy server that acts as a barrier that filters requests, and use anti malvare software
Hacking
Hacker gets unauthorised access to perosnal data by exploiting a vunerability in computer or network, aim of this is tpo gain personal information of user. To avoid hacking use firewall automatic software updates, strong biometric passwords and two-step verifications
Malware
Malicious software to disrupt computer or data.
Virus
Software dowloaded into hardware and replicates itself to corrupt data and use up all data to slow down computer
Worm
Also a self-replicated malware that slows down network by clogging up the bandwith of network
Spyware
Program to record all actions on computer, usually keylogger to identify patterns in keys and identify passwords by patterns of keys pressed
Trojan horse
Looks like a harmless aplication or game but contains other malware mentioned before
Adware
Created banner adverts when you are online, whichh can be really anoyning
Ransomware
Encrypts all data on compter demandind a ransom(a set amount of money) to decrypt the data, data can be leaked if ransom will not be paid
Pharming
pharming uses malware for attacking DNS server to alter IP address stored for entered and take user to phoney website
Phishing
phishing is type of social engineering which uses fake emails or phone calls to get personal information by fake link
Social Engineering
manipulating people for gaining perosnal information for criminal use or hacking
Topic 5 - The internet and its uses
In this section you will find out about internet
by: Arnur Mussabekov